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1.
Arq. ciências saúde UNIPAR ; 23(3): [171-180], set-dez. 2019.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1046155

ABSTRACT

O processo de envelhecimento populacional e o aumento do número de casos de Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis (IST) em idosos evidenciam a necessidade de ações voltadas para a terceira idade. Trata-se um estudo analítico observacional transversal, exploratório, com o objetivo de investigar situações de vulnerabilidade relacionadas à IST em idosos usuários de um Centro de Testagem e Aconselhamento para DTS/Aids de um município de médio porte do estado da Bahia, Brasil, no período de 2006 a 2012. Foram utilizados dados secundários de 233 usuários, com 60 anos ou mais, coletados dos Formulários de Entrada do Sistema de Informação do Centro de Testagem e Aconselhamento, prontuários clínicos e folha de descrição do atendimento. Houve predomínio de usuários do sexo masculino (60,94%), faixa etária de 60 a 70 anos (75,97%), cor parda (26,61%), casados (61,80%), aposentados (57,08%) e com escolaridade de 4 a 7 anos de estudo (35,19%). A maioria relatou a relação sexual como tipo de exposição (76,39%), preferência heterossexual (92,27%) e parceria fixa (72,96%). A frequência de uso do preservativo foi baixa com o parceiro não fixo (32,73%) e com o parceiro fixo (5,58%). A prevalência de IST foi 25,32%, com maior percentual entre os homens. A IST mais prevalente foi a hepatite C (10,73%), seguida da hepatite B (8,58%), sífilis (7,73%) e HIV (3,43). A faixa etária menor que 70 anos mostrou associação estatisticamente significativa com a presença de IST. Os resultados evidenciaram práticas sexuais inseguras e elevada vulnerabilidade dos idosos às IST, havendo necessidade de ações preventivas direcionadas a esse grupo populacional, considerando suas necessidades e especificidades.


The population aging process and the increase in the number of cases of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STI) in the elderly shows the need of actions aimed at that population. This is an exploratory, observational, cross-sectional study to investigate vulnerability situations related to Sexually Transmitted Infections in elderly users of an STD/AIDS Counseling Center of a medium-sized city in the state of Bahia, Brazil, from 2006 to 2012. The study used secondary data from 233 users aged 60 or older, collected from the Counseling Center Information System Admission Forms, clinical records and service description sheet. There was a predominance of male users (60.94%), 60 to 70 years old (75.97%), brown (26.61%), married (61.80%), retired (57,8%) and with 4 to 7 years of schooling (35,19%). Most reported sexual intercourse as the exposure type (76.39%), heterosexual preference (92.27%) and stable partnership (72.96%). The frequency of condom use was low with non-stable partners (32.73%) and with stable partners (5.58%). The prevalence of STI was 25.32%, with greater percentage among men. The most prevalent STI was hepatitis C (10.73%), followed by hepatitis B (8.58%), syphilis (7.73%) and HIV (3.43). The age group younger than 70 years showed a statistically significant association with the presence of STI. The results evidenced unsafe sexual practices and high vulnerability of the elderly to STIs, requiring preventive actions aimed at that population group, considering their needs and specificities.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Sexually Transmitted Diseases/epidemiology , Health Vulnerability , Sexual Behavior , Socioeconomic Factors , Syphilis/prevention & control , Syphilis/epidemiology , Sexually Transmitted Diseases/prevention & control , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/prevention & control , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/epidemiology , Hepatitis/prevention & control , Hepatitis/epidemiology
2.
Buenos Aires; GCBA. Gerencia Operativa de Epidemiología; 8 jun. 2018. a) f: 38 l:45 p. tab, graf.(Boletín Epidemiológico Semanal: Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, 3, 94).
Monography in Spanish | UNISALUD, BINACIS, InstitutionalDB, LILACS | ID: biblio-1103315

ABSTRACT

Informe especial donde se analizaron todos los casos de hepatitis virales notificados a los sistemas oficiales (módulos C2-SNVS y SIVILA-SNVS operativos hasta el 28-04-2018 y SNVS 2.0 para los casos posteriores a dicha fecha) de los residentes de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires y con domicilio desconocido, entre las Semanas Epidemiológicas (SE) 1 y 52 de 2017 y con datos hasta el 27 de mayo de 2018 (SE 21 completa). Para el análisis por cuatrisemanas se incluyen casos hasta el 19/05/2018 (cuatrisemana epidemiológica 5 completa). Cabe aclarar que se presentan casos confirmados en los módulos clínicos en los que no se cuenta con la notificación por laboratorio. Diferentes notificaciones pueden corresponder a un mismo paciente estudiado para más de una patología. Para el análisis de hepatitis B se incluyen además 3 notificaciones provenientes de bancos de sangre. Para la elaboración de tasas se utilizaron los datos de proyecciones de población de la Dirección General de Estadística y Censos de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires. (AU)


Subject(s)
Disease Notification , Hepatitis/classification , Hepatitis/diagnosis , Hepatitis/prevention & control , Hepatitis/epidemiology , Hepatitis, Viral, Human/classification , Hepatitis, Viral, Human/diagnosis , Hepatitis, Viral, Human/prevention & control , Hepatitis, Viral, Human/epidemiology
3.
EMHJ-Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal. 2018; 24 (06): 595-597
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-196411
4.
Acta méd. costarric ; 59(2): 50-59, abr.-jun. 2017. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-837724

ABSTRACT

ResumenIntroducción:cada año, miles de adultos mueren por causa de enfermedades prevenibles mediante vacunación. Sin embargo, la aplicación de vacunas en adultos es muy baja a nivel mundial por múltiples razones, incluyendo los altos costos de implementación.Objetivos:discutir las recomendaciones nacionales e internacionales de inmunización de personas mayores de 18 años, incluyendo las poblaciones con alto riesgo de adquirir infecciones inmunoprevenibles y resumirlas en un esquema recomendado para vacunación de adultos en general, y personas con elevado nivel de riesgo.Métodos:se efectuó una revisión no sistemática de bibliografía médica y científica publicada entre 2000 y 2017, concerniente a vacunación en adultos. Así mismo, se compararon los esquemas de inmunización vigentes en América y Europa.Conclusiones:las recomendaciones para vacunación en adultos se basan principalmente en edad, condiciones médicas subyacentes, estilo de vida, inmunizaciones previas, características epidemiológicas locales y viajes. La necesidad de aplicar un esquema de vacunación adecuado a la población general y a poblaciones con factores de riesgo, representa una medida de gran importancia en un sistema de salud funcional. En este sentido, la adecuada asesoría e información provenientes del personal de salud constituyen un predictor clave en la inmunización de adultos.


AbstractIntroduction:Every year thousands of adults die from vaccine preventable disease worldwide. Nevertheless, the vaccine application rates maintain in relative low levels for multiple reason, including high costs of the implementation of vaccination programs.Objectives:Discuss national and international existing immunization schemes for adult persons, including high risk populations for the acquisition of immune preventable infections and resume this knowledge in vaccination schemes for adults in general and high risk populationMethods:A nonsystematic revision of medical and scientific literature related to adult vaccination topics from the years 2000 to 2017 was performed. As well, a comparison between actual vaccination schemes from American and European countries has been realized.Conclusion:Vaccination recommendations are based in multiple factors like age, individual medical history, lifestyle, formerly applied vaccinations, local epidemiologic criteria end traveling activity.The application of adequate vaccination scheme for both, adults in general and an adaptation for persons with elevated risk factors, represents a crucial element for effective health system. Therefore, the adequate assessing and information provided by medical personnel represents a key factor in successful vaccination and disease prevention.


Subject(s)
Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Costa Rica , Hepatitis/prevention & control , Herpes Zoster/prevention & control , Mass Vaccination , Papilloma/prevention & control , Vaccination Coverage
5.
Rev. APS ; 20(1): 140-144, 2017.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-848848

ABSTRACT

Este trabalho teve como objetivo relatar uma experiência vivenciada, a partir de uma ação de extensão universitária com trabalhadores da atenção primária e manicures sob o risco de exposição e transmissão de hepatites virais. Percebeu-se a necessidade de sensibilizá-los e conscientizá-los sobre os riscos ocupacionais aos quais estão expostos, pela não utilização dos equipamentos de proteção individual, bem como a falta de cuidados gerais e locais a serem tomados, após a exposição a material biológico, o que tem gerado riscos eminentes à saúde desses profissionais e de sua clientela. Para elaboração do projeto de intervenção: "Mãos de fada, saúde de ferro" foram considerados os perfis produtivos da população adscrita na área de abrangência de uma USF e a atividade foi desenvolvida tendo em vista os seguintes momentos: acolhimento dos trabalhadores e abertura do evento; mesa redonda sobre as hepatites virais B e C e as principais normas de biossegurança; ergonomia e ginástica laboral aplicada às profissões representadas; realização de testagem sorológica para doenças infecciosas; atualização vacinal, quando necessária; além da avaliação nutricional e odontológica. As ações de prevenção e promoção desenvolvidas alcançaram os diferentes grupos ocupacionais, expostos ao mesmo risco de adoecer enquanto na atividade laboral.


This work aims to report on an experience from a university extension action with primary care workers and manicurists at risk of viral hepatitis exposure and transmission. There is a clear need to raise their awareness and concern about the occupational hazards to which they are exposed from the failure to use personal protective equipment, and the lack of general and specific care to be taken after exposure to biological materials, which has been generating imminent health risks for these professionals and their clientele. To design the intervention project: "Fairy hands, iron health", the production profiles of the registered population in the coverage area of a Family Health Unit were considered, and the activity was developed based on the segments: reception of the workers and opening of the event; roundtable on viral hepatitis B and C, and the main standards of biosecurity; ergonomics and physical activities applied to the professions represented; conducting serological testing for infectious diseases; vaccination updates, when necessary, as well as nutritional and dental evaluation. The prevention and promotion activities developed here pertained to the different occupational groups exposed to the same risk of becoming ill while going about their work activities.


Subject(s)
Health Promotion , Hepatitis , Health Personnel , Disease Transmission, Infectious , Beauty and Aesthetics Centers , Hepatitis/prevention & control
6.
Rev. med. Rosario ; 81(1): 10-18, ene.-abr. 2015. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-758457

ABSTRACT

La enfermedad hepática viral constituye un problema y un desafío para los médicos y sus pacientes. En agosto de 2013 en la ciudad de Rosario se efectuó la Campaña de Detección y Vacunación de Hepatitis Virales. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo caracterizar los principales factores de riesgo sexual (FRS) y parenteral (FRP) de los voluntarios asistentes a dicha campaña. Se llevó a cabo un estudio de corte transversal utilizando como instrumento un cuestionario validado. Se encontró que el 37,1%(IC 95%: 32,8-41,6%) de los encuestados refería al menos un FRS, siendo el más prevalente la presencia de relaciones sexuales inseguras con el 68,9% (61,6-75,6%). El 35,7% (31,4-40,1%) presentó al menos un FRP, destacándose aquí la utilización de piercings y tatuajes con el 74,6% (67,4-80,9%) y el 48% (40,3-55,7%) respectivamente. En los individuos mayores de 60 años,los hombres hicieron referencia a mayor exposición a FRS que las mujeres (37,2% vs 16,2%; p= 0,019); mientras que para los menores de 40 años las mujeres presentaron mayor exposición a FRP (64,5% vs 45,0%; p= 0,016). La prevalencia de factores de riesgo aumentó al disminuir la edad de los respondedores. Los jóvenes entre 18 y 30 años mostraron además, asociación entre los FRS y FRP (p= 0,01). Los factores de riesgo estudiados resultan diferenciarse según grupos etarios y género. Es necesario contemplar una educación dirigida a distintos grupos poblacionales, focalizando en las debilidades propias de cada uno


Viral liver disease is a problem and a challenge for physicians and their patients. A campaign for the detection and vaccination againstviral hepatitis was performed in August 2013 in the city of Rosario, Argentina. This work aims to characterize the main sexual (SRF)and parenteral (PRF) risk factors among those volunteers attending the campaign. A cross-sectional study was conducted using avalidated questionnaire. It was found that 37.1% (95% CI: 32.8-41.6%) of the respondents mentioned at least one SRF; the mostprevalent factor was the presence of unsafe sex with 68.9% (61.6-75.6%). On the other hand, 35.7% (31.4-40.1%) referred atleast one PRF, of which the most frequent were the use of piercings and tattoos with 74.6% (67.4-80.9%) and 48% (40,3-55.7%)respectively. Men reported higher exposure to SRF than women (37.2% vs 16.2%, p= 0.019) among individuals older than 60 years;while for those under 40 years, women were more likely to show PRF (64.5% vs 45.0%, p= 0.016). The prevalence of risk factorswas increased while decreasing age of respondents. Young people between 18 and 30 also showed association between SRF and PRF(p = 0,01). Risk factors studied varied according to age groups and genders. It is necessary to provide education targeted to differentpopulation groups, focusing on their particular characteristics and weaknesses of each of them


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Female , Middle Aged , Hepatitis/prevention & control , Mass Vaccination , Body Piercing , Tattooing
7.
Esc. Anna Nery Rev. Enferm ; 18(4): 622-627, Oct-Dec/2014. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BDENF | ID: lil-730489

ABSTRACT

Caracterizar os homens em tratamento hemodialítico com vírus da imunodeficiência humana e da hepatite B e C. Método: Estudo descritivo, realizado com aplicação de questionário junto a 30 pacientes do Real Hospital Português, entre novembro de 2011 a fevereiro de 2012. Resultados: Do total, 36,7% dos pacientes possuem idade superior a 60 anos, 43,3% são brancos, 40% com desnutrição. Cerca de 70% têm o vírus da hepatite C, 63,3% não receberam orientações sexuais sobre fatores de risco, 73,3% possuíram mais de cinco parceiros sexuais e 66,7% já se submeteram a algum procedimento invasivo. Conclusão: A detecção oportuna das infecções virais crônicas entre pacientes em hemodiálise é necessária para o devido cumprimento da terapia, bem como para tomar medidas preventivas para a proteção de outros pacientes e funcionários...


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Virus Diseases , Renal Dialysis/nursing , Renal Dialysis/statistics & numerical data , Hepatitis/prevention & control , Men's Health
8.
Weekly Epidemiological Monitor. 2013; 06 (29): 1
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-181971

ABSTRACT

Like last year, the World Hepatitis Day will be celebrated across the world including in the Eastern Mediterranean Region [EMR] of WHO on 28 July. The global theme of the campaign continues to be: This is hepatitis. Know it. Confront it


Subject(s)
Humans , Hepatitis/prevention & control , Hepatitis A , Hepatitis B , Hepatitis C , Hepatitis D , Hepatitis E , Prevalence , Mediterranean Region
9.
Hamdard Medicus. 2009; 52 (1): 102-107
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-111561

ABSTRACT

The leaves of Tylophora indica Linn, were traditionally used to treat bronchitis, diarrhoea, dysentery and as emetic, etc. However indigenous practitioners have claimed that the leaves are highly useful in the treatment of jaundice. Hence the present study was planned to verify this claim. Administration of alcoholic and aqueous extracts of leaves of Tylophora indica protect liver from the toxic effect of carbon tetrachloride by restoring the levels of serum bilirubin and serum marker enzymes alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase and alkaline phosphatase as compared to the standard drug Silymarin treated rats. Histology of the liver section of the animals treated with the extracts showed the presence of normal hepatic cords, absence of necrosis and fatty infiltration which further evidenced the hepatoprotective activity


Subject(s)
Male , Animals, Laboratory , Apocynaceae , Hepatitis/prevention & control , Plant Leaves , Rats, Wistar , Phytotherapy , Plant Extracts
10.
GED gastroenterol. endosc. dig ; 27(6): 168-171, nov.-dez. 2008.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-592385

ABSTRACT

A hepatite pelo vírus E (HVE) é o principal problema de saúde pública em muitos países em desenvolvimento. Os resultados de trabalhos recentes vieram aumentar significantemente a importância do estudo da HVE. A prevalência da HVE em alguns países é relativamente alta, com altos índices de morbidade e mortalidade. No Brasil, há poucos estudos sobre a prevalência desse vírus, sendo até então considerada doença rara. Na forma aguda, o quadro clínico é similar ao de outras hepatites. Verificou-se que pacientes que receberam transplantes de órgãos sólidos apresentaram, com frequência, HVE. A hepatite aguda por esse vírus, diferentemente do que se supunha, pode evoluir para hepatite crônica e cirrose. Há atualmente vacina na fase II, que mostrou ser eficaz e segura. Quando aprovada definitivamente, deverá ser indicada prioritariamente para gestantes, imunocomprometidos, cirróticos e em pacientes com hepatite crônica pelo vírus B.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Hepatitis , Hepatitis E , Hepatitis, Chronic , Hepatitis/prevention & control
11.
Cir. & cir ; 76(4): 291-298, jul.-ago. 2008. graf, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-568084

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Hemorrhagic shock (HS) results in oxidative stress to cells and in the induction of the inflammatory response, with an increased expression of a number of proinflammatory mediators and cytokines. We tested the ability of the nitric oxide (NO) donor sodium nitroprusside (NP) to reduce tissue injury in a rodent model of uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock. METHODS: Seventy two Sprague Dawley rats weighing 250-300 g were subjected to a model of uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock. Four groups of animals were included (n = 18 per group): sham/saline, sham/NP, shock/saline, shock/NP. Experimental design consisted of the development of hemorrhagic shock (3 ml/100 g) in a 15-min period, tail amputation (75%) and drug administration at 30 min, fluid resuscitation (FR) with Ringer's lactate (RL) solution to reach a mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 40 mmHg, a hospital phase of 60 min with hemostasis and FR with LR solution to reach a MAP of 70 mmHg, and a 3-day observation phase. Treatment at the beginning of resuscitation included either normal saline (groups 1, 3) or NP (0.5 mg/kg) (groups 2, 4). The following parameters were evaluated: fluid requirements for resuscitation, liver injury tests, liver tissue myeloperoxidase (MPO), liver histology, and 3-day survival. RESULTS: NP significantly reduced fluid requirements for resuscitation (p = 0.0001). We also observed an improved statistically significant difference in tests demonstrating hepatic injury (p = 0.0001), neutrophil infiltration as evidences by liver MPO (p <0.05), and histology studies (p = 0.001). Survival was also increased from 40% in controls to 60% with NP treatment. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that excess NO mediates hemorrhage-induced liver injury, and that the suppression of NO with NP may reduce the pathological consequences of severe hemorrhage, possibly by scavenging superoxide (O(2)(-)), thus limiting the production of more aggressive radicals.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Shock, Hemorrhagic/drug therapy , Liver Circulation/drug effects , Nitric Oxide Donors/therapeutic use , Hepatitis/prevention & control , Nitroprusside/therapeutic use , Reperfusion Injury/prevention & control , Drug Evaluation, Preclinical , Nitric Oxide Donors/pharmacology , Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism , Oxidative Stress/drug effects , Fluid Therapy , Hepatitis , Isotonic Solutions , Liver , Models, Biological , Necrosis , Nitroprusside/pharmacology , Nitric Oxide/physiology , Peroxidase/analysis , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Reperfusion Injury , Resuscitation , Shock, Hemorrhagic , Single-Blind Method
12.
J. bras. med ; 94(6): 11-18, jun. 2008.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-532645

ABSTRACT

Assunto de suma importância em infectologia na conduta com contatos frente às doenças infecto-contagiosas, faz-se mister enfatizar a ação preventiva do pessoal da área de saúde e as noções ensinadas às comunidades. Algumas doenças infecciosas transmissíveis são causas importantes de morbimortalidade, principalmente ao acometerem pacientes de baixa idade e imunodeprimidos. Poderíamos citar como exemplos a varicela e a tuberculose. Atualmente, nos centros de referência para imunobiológicos especiais disponíveis em todo o terrítório nacional (www.saude.gov.br/rvs e www.saude.gov.br/bvs), são disponibilizadas vacinas especiais como varicela e imunoglobulinas como antivaricela-zóster e anti-hepatite B. A finalidade deste artigo é abordar diversas situações comuns na prática diária e qual conduta adotar com relação aos contatos, não só na comunidade como na infecção hospitalar, principalmente no caso da varicela. É importante considerar a relação das doenças com os agentes etiológicos e os periódos de incubação e de transmissão.


Subjecto of paramount importance in infectology, in front of conduct contacts with infectious diseases, it's extremely necessary to emphasize the preventive action of staff in the areas of health and the concepts taught to communities. Some infectious transmissible diseases are important causes of morbid-mortality, especially when related to young patients and immunodepressed, such as chickenpox and tuberculosis. Currently, the Center of Reference for Special Immunobiologicals available throughout the national territory (www.saude.gov.br/rvs and www.saude.gov.br/bvs), special vaccines such as varicella and anti-varicella zoster immunoglobulins and anti-hepatitis B are available. The purpose of this article is to adress various situations, common in daily practice and which conduct to adopt, regarding contacts, not only in the community and in hospital infection, especially in the case of chickenpox. It is important to consider the relationship of diseases with the etiologic agents and the periods os incubation and transmission.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Whooping Cough/prevention & control , Diphtheria/prevention & control , Hepatitis/prevention & control , Herpes Zoster/prevention & control , Measles/prevention & control , Tuberculosis/prevention & control , Chickenpox/prevention & control , Primary Health Care/methods , Communicable Disease Control/methods , Communicable Disease Control/standards , Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control
13.
Iranian Journal of Public Health. 2006; 35 (4): 33-36
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-164190

ABSTRACT

High prevalence of HBV and HCV infections in prisoners suggests them as one of the main infection source in community. Preventive measures can possibly decrease their rate of infection and infectivity. We evaluated prevalence of HBV and HCV infections and their relation to dangerous behavior in addict prisoners. This was a cross-sectional study included prisoners of central provinces of Iran who were evaluated for HBV and HCV in 2003. All of 1431 prisoners filled out questionnaires that were evaluated for HBsAg and HCV antibody. There were 51 prisoners [3.5%] who were HBsAg positive and 513 prisoners [35.8%] had HCV antibody. Odd`s ratio for HBV and HCV were 10.3 and 9.6 for IVDA, respectively. This study showed that the HBV and specially HCV infection had high prevalence among prisoners. In comparison to rate of HBsAg and HCV infection in general population of Iran, this study showed that the HBsAg was 2 times and HCV infection was 70 times more frequent in prisoner than in general population of Iran. The education for dangerous behavior is strongly recommended to control this persistent infection source for hepatitis B and C in the community


Subject(s)
Humans , Hepatitis C/epidemiology , Risk Factors , Substance Abuse, Intravenous/complications , Prisoners , Dangerous Behavior , Surveys and Questionnaires , Cross-Sectional Studies , Hepatitis/prevention & control
14.
DST j. bras. doenças sex. transm ; 18(4): 224-230, 2006. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-495584

ABSTRACT

Introdução: apesar de se conhecer, atualmente, a dimensão da epidemia da aids, há um relativo desconhecimento sobre a doença entre universitários. Objetivo: levantar o nível de informação sobre as DST/aids, hepatites B e C, assim como analisar a conduta sexual de jovens universitários de um município do interior do estado de São Paulo e obter subsídios para nortear estratégias de prevenção em relação a essa população. Métodos: aplicação de questionário anônimo entre alunos de três Instituições Educacionais de Ensino Superior (IES) da cidade estudada, com metodologia baseada em um plano de amostragem probabilística estratificada e proporcional. Resultados: dos 888 questionários respondidos, 25 foram descartados em função de inconsistências no preenchimento; deste total, 75,3% são do sexo feminino e 77,8% têm até 24 anos de idade; predomina, entre esses alunos, a orientação heterossexual e 81% deles declararam já ter iniciado sua vida sexual; as principais doenças sexualmente transmissíveis são lembradas por mais de 90% da amostra e as hepatites B e C foram mencionadas por 70 a 89% dos pesquisados. Conclusão: encontrou-se um predomínio de mulheres na amostra de universitários pesquisada, sendo que a maioria desses estudantes apresentaram vida sexual ativa, demonstraram conhecimento adequado sobre os métodos contraceptivos, DST/aids, e fizeram referência ao uso do preservativo como a melhor forma de prevenção de DST/aids. Esses alunos iniciaram sua vida sexual com cerca de 17 anos, para os homens, e 18 anos, para as mulheres; e, embora 70% destes jovens tenham relatado uso de preservativo na primeira relação sexual, este número cai para 46,1% na prática atual.


Introduction: nowadays the dimension of the AIDS epidemy is well-known, but the prevention conducts among university students is a subject not widely studied. Objective: collect information about young university students concerning their level of awareness in relation to STD/AIDS, Hepatitis B and C. Methods: an anonymous questionnaire was filled in by students from three universities in the city observed. A methodology based on a plan of stratified-random probabilistic sampling was used. Results: Eight hundred and eighty-eight questionnaires were answered and 25 were excluded due to inconsistent answers; thetotal number, 75,3% are females and are 24 years old; there is a predominance among these students of heterosexuals, and 81% of them stated that they had already started their sexual life; the most important STDs were mentioned by more than 90% of the sampling, and hepatitis B and C were mentioned by 70 to 89% of the students. Conclusion: a predominance of women in the sampling of university students researched was found, most of these students have an active sexual life; they have adequate knowledge on contraceptive methods, STD/AIDS, and they also stated that condom is the best prevention method for STD/ AIDS; these students started their sexual life around 17 years old, in case of men, and 18 years old in case of women; although 70% of these young students said that they had used condom in their first sexual experience, these figures decreased to 46,1% when it was asked about their present conduct.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Sexual Behavior , Students , Sexually Transmitted Diseases/prevention & control , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/prevention & control , Knowledge , Hepatitis/prevention & control , Condoms , Contraceptive Agents
15.
Rev. méd. Minas Gerais ; 15(4): 246-251, out.-dez. 2005. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-574367

ABSTRACT

O profissional de saúde está sujeito ao contato e a acidentes com material biológico, o que o expõe ao risco de contaminação por agentes infecciosos. Este trabalho aborda doenças cujos agravos trazem consequências bastante nocivas à saúde dos trabalhadores, o risco de contaminação, as medidas preventivas e a profilaxia pós-exposição. Apresenta também revisão da literatura a respeito da síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida (AIDS), hepatite tipo B e hepatite tipo C. Constata-se a importância de se efetuar treinamento permanente de profissionais e estudantes da área de saúde em nosso meio, reforçando o seu conhecimento sobre medidas de prevenção de acidentes.


Health providers are exposed to biological materials with risk of contamination with infectious agents. Diseases that pose threats to workers health their risk of transmission, recommended preventive measures and existing post-exposure prophylaxis are studied. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and contamination with hepatitis-B and hepatitis-C are also reviewed. The need for continuing education of professionals and students about accident prevention strategies is emphasized.


Subject(s)
Humans , Occupational Exposure , /prevention & control , Health Personnel , Hepatitis/prevention & control , Accident Prevention , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/prevention & control
16.
Medicine Today. 2005; 3 (2): 79-83
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-73611

ABSTRACT

Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis [NASH] is a common liver disease characterized by hepatomegaly, elevated serum aminotransferase levels, and a histological picture similar to alcoholic hepatitis in the absence of alcohol consumption sufficient to cause such changes. Most patients with NASH are obese women, and many have diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, or hypertriglyceridemia, but it also occurs in younger lean, otherwise healthy individuals. Most of the patients are asymptomatic, although some report fatigue, malaise or right upper quadrant discomfort. The most common sign of NASH is hepatomegaly. Laboratory abnormalities include a two to four fold elevation of serum aminotransferase levels; other liver function tests are usually normal. The pathogenesis of NASH is multifactorial. NASH should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with persistently elevated liver enzyme levels, particularly obese patients with diabetes and hyperlipidemia. The course of this disease is highly variable, but it may proceed to cirrhosis. Treatment of NASH is unproven, but weight reduction and altered life style are recommended


Subject(s)
Humans , Hepatitis/etiology , Hepatitis/complications , Hepatitis/pathology , Hepatitis/prevention & control , Hepatitis/therapy , Fatty Liver , Risk Factors , Transaminases , Biopsy
17.
Rev. bras. epidemiol ; 7(4): 473-487, dez. 2004. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-394736

ABSTRACT

As hepatites virais são doenças causadas por diferentes agentes etiológicos, de distribuição universal, que têm em comum o hepatotropismo. Possuem semelhanças do ponto de vista clínico-laboratorial, mas apresentam importantes diferenças epidemiológicas e quanto à sua evolução. As últimas décadas foram de notáveis conquistas no que se refere à prevenção e ao controle das hepatites virais. Entre as doenças endêmico-epidêmicas, que representam problemas importantes de saúde pública no Brasil, salientam-se as Hepatites Virais, cujo comportamento epidemiológico, no nosso país e no mundo, tem sofrido grandes mudanças nos últimos anos. A melhoria das condições de higiene e de saneamento das populações, a vacinação contra a Hepatite B e as novas técnicas moleculares de diagnóstico do vírus da Hepatite C estão entre esses avanços importantes. As condições do nosso país: sua heterogeneidade socioeconômica, a distribuição irregular dos serviços de saúde, a incorporação desigual de tecnologia avançada para diagnóstico e tratamento de enfermidades, são elementos importantes que devem ser considerados na avaliação do processo endemo-epidêmico das hepatites virais. O números de pacientes infectados é incerto, relacionado geralmente a alguns Estados e municípios brasileiros, e o esclarecimento dos agentes causadores das hepatites, cuja identificação requer técnicas laboratoriais complexas de biologia molecular, é realizado de maneira insuficiente. Por outro lado, "a progressiva integração entre as instâncias gestoras dos programas de vigilância e controle das doenças com grupos de pesquisa e desses com os serviços" e a disponibilização de bancos de dados nacionais mais confiáveis apontam para novos e melhores caminhos. No presente artigo é feita uma revisão sucinta das hepatites A, B e C, as mais freqüentes no nosso país, assim como de sua epidemiologia e das estratégias preferenciais para a prevenção dessas doenças.


Subject(s)
Hepacivirus , Hepatitis A virus , Hepatitis B virus , Hepatitis C/epidemiology , Hepatitis C/prevention & control , Hepatitis/epidemiology , Hepatitis/prevention & control
19.
Tunisie Medicale [La]. 2002; 80 (8): 455-7
in French | IMEMR | ID: emr-61120

ABSTRACT

In Tunisia, regular serological tests for prevention of blood transmitted hepatitis consist in the research of HBS antigen and HCV antibodies. Our purpose in this study is to estimate the prevalence of hypertransaminasemia in blood donors and to determinate to what extent it could prevent blood transmited hepatitis. Therefore we have assessed ALAT sera level in 1180 blood donors. It rate is considered elevated if higher than twofold the normal rate [> N= 40UI/I]. Donors with high ALAT level were summoned three months later after their blood gift to undergo clinical examination and a new serological test, researching seroconversion of HBS Ag and HCV antibodies. With regarding to estimation of residuel HCV infection risk, we were based on M.P Busch's data. Hypertransaminasemia was modified in 134 individuals [11.5%]. Only 67 had replied to our summons. Alcoholism was involved in one case. Smoking was found in most of male donors. We had discovered neither weight excess nor drug or medecines consumption which could explain increasing ALAT. New serological list had revealed seroconversion for HCV antibodies in ELISA but with undeterminated profile in immunoblot [anti NS5 solely]. PCR was not carried out. Residual infection risk being considered. Use of hypertransaminasemia detection in blood donors shoud prevent nearly 1.67 blood transmitted hepatitis per million transfusions units. However if we consider shortage in blood derivates in Tunisia, such a decision should be comprehensively weighted numerous blood donors will be moved aside


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Blood Transfusion , Hepatitis/prevention & control , Blood Donors , Hepatitis B , Hepatitis C , Prospective Studies
20.
Rev. méd. Hosp. Säo Vicente de Paulo ; 11(26): 19-22, jan.-jun. 2000. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-285488

ABSTRACT

Os profissionais da saúde estão frequentemente expostos a acidentes com material biológico e, dentre as doenças de possível contaminação, as hepatites e a AIDS são as que mais preocupam essa categoria. Foi realizada análise retrospectiva de todas as notificações referentes a esses acidentes arquivados junto ao SESMT durante o período de 1 ano, com o objetivo de quantificar o número de acidentes biológicos, avaliar qual a equipe profissional mais sujeita a esses acidentes e identificar os motivos e locais mais prevalentes de sua ocorrência.Uma vez observado que a maior foi o descaso em seguir as normas recomendadas, os autores apontam a necessidade de um treinamento continuado dos profissionais da área para a redução de riscos ocupacionais


Subject(s)
Humans , Occupational Exposure/prevention & control , Occupational Risks , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Needlestick Injuries/prevention & control , Hepatitis/prevention & control , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/transmission
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